Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is a modern cybersecurity system that is against the old view of trusting a network environment. It is based on the “never trust and always verify” rule, which suggests that the system is more detailed and flexible in providing security.
ZTA believes that attackers could be external, as well as inside the network, for instance, the compromised devices or the malicious users. Thus, ZTA demands from every access attempt the user authentication and authorization, whichever the user’s location and device.
ZTA uses the micro-segmentation principle to split the entire network into smaller, isolated zones. Every segment is regarded as a secure enclave that has access controls implemented based on criteria such as user identity, device security, and the level of sensitivity of the data or resources being accessed.
Such segmentation essentially narrows the window of opportunity for security breaches, making it difficult for intruders to move laterally through the system and access high-value data.
The three pillars of Zero Trust Architecture include Identity and Access Management (IAM), Network Segmentation, Continuous Monitoring and Analytics, Least Privilege Access, and Encryption and Data Protection. IAM Solutions, including MFA, play a significant role in stringent access policies based on user roles and permissions.
Network segmentation delimits security zones within the network, blocking the breach lateral movement by secluding the sensitive resources from less-trusted parts.
ZTA deployment needs a holistic framework comprising people, processes, and technology. In addition to that, it includes such measures as using appropriate security tools and technologies and developing comprehensive policies and procedures for managing access and responding to security incidents.
Zero Trust Architecture is a long-term process, which calls for organisations to continually change their security postures in response to the emerging hazards and changing business demands.
